However, Adding Extra Functions Like Networking, Security And Encryption Makes Live Devices’ Systems

Introduction to User Access Security Commonly Asked Questions Policy Issues User Access Security Countermeasures User Access Security Checklist A person with a "need-to-know" has been designated by school officials as having a legitimate educational or professional interestin accessing a record. Introduction to User Access SecurityUser access security refers to the collective procedures by which authorized users access a computer system and unauthorized users are kept from doing so. To make this distinction a little more realistic, however, understand that user access security limits even authorized users to those parts of the system that they are explicitly permitted to use (which, in turn, is based on their "need-to-know"). After all, there is no reason for someone in Staff Payroll to be given clearance to confidential student records. It Really Happens!Kim approached Fred cautiously. As the security manager, she knew how important it was to gather information completely before jumping to conclusions. "Fred, my review of our computer logs shows that you have been logging in and looking at confidential student information. I couldn't understand why someone in Food Services would need to be browsing through individual student test scores, so I thought I'd come by and ask you."Fred looked up at Kim as he if was surprised to be entertaining such a question. "Are you forgetting that I'm authorized to access student records?""You're authorized to access specific elements that relate to a student's free- and reduced-price lunch eligibility," Kim clarified. "That's the limit of your need-to-know.""I didn't know that my access was limited," Fred asserted honestly. "I figured that if my password got me into a file, it was fair game."Kim paused, realizing that it might be reasonable for Fred to have assumed that he was allowed to read a file if his password gave him access. "Hmm, I see your point, Fred, but in truth you shouldn't be accessing student record information that isn't related to your legitimate educational duties. I'm not going to make a big deal of it this time, but from now on, limit your browsing to the free- and reduced-price lunch information. In the meantime, I'm going to send a memo out to staff reminding them what need-to-know really means.""And you might want to reconsider how our password system works," Fred added. "It would have beenvery clear to me that I had no business in a file if my password wouldn't get me in."An organization cannot monitor user activity unless that user grants implicit or explicit permission to do so! While there is no question that an organization has the right to protect its computing and information resources through user access security activities, users (whether authorized or not) have rights as well. Reasonable efforts must be made to inform all users, even uninvited hackers, that the system is being monitored and that unauthorized activity will be punished and/or prosecuted as deemed appropriate. If such an effort is not made, the organization may actually be invading the privacy rights of its intruders!An excellent way of properly informing users of monitoring activities is through the opening screen that is presented to them. By reading a warning like the one that follows, users explicitly accept both the conditions of monitoring and punishment when they proceed to the next screen. Thus, the first screen any user sees when logging into a secure computer system should be something to the following effect:Never include the word "Welcome" as a part of the log-in process--it can be argued that it implies that whoever is reading the word is, by definition, invited to access the system. W A R N I N G !This is a restricted network. Use of this network, its equipment, and resources is monitored at all times and requires explicit permission from the network administrator. If you do not have this permission in writing, you are violating the regulations of this network and can and will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. By continuing into this system, you are acknowledging that you are aware of and agree to these terms. Commonly Asked QuestionsQ. Is it possible to have a secure system if you have employees who telecommute or work otherwise non-traditional schedules?A. Yes. While particular countermeasures might need to be adjusted to accommodate non-traditional schedules (e.g., the practice of limiting users to acceptable log-in times and locations), a system with telecommuters, frequent travelers, and other remote access users can still be secure. Doing so may require policy-makers to think more creatively, but each security guideline needs to be customized to meet the organization's needs anyway (see Chapter 2). Q. Is the use of passwords an effective strategy for securing a system?A. Just because password systems are the most prevalent authentication strategy currently being practiced doesn't mean that they have become any less effective. In fact, the reason for their popularity is precisely because they can be so useful in restricting system access. The major concern about password systems is not their technical integrity, but the degree to which (like many strategies) they rely upon proper implementation by users. While there are certainly more expensive and even effective ways of restricting user access, if risk analysis determines that a password system meets organizational needs and is most cost-effective, you can feel confident about password protection as long as users are implementing the system properly--which, in turn, demands appropriate staff training (see Chapter 10). Q. Are all of these precautions necessary if an organization trusts its staff?A. Absolutely. While the vast majority of system users are probably trustworthy, it doesn't mean that they're above having occasional computing accidents. After all, most system problems are the result of human mistake. By instituting security procedures, the organization protects not only the system and its information, but also each user who could at some point unintentionally damage a valued file. By knowing that "their" information is maintained in a secure fashion, employees will feel more comfortable and confident about their computing activities. Initiating security procedures also benefits users by:

Push-based 2FA: Most push-based authentications can't be approved unless a user's phone is unlocked. This requirement makes push-based 2FA more secure than passcode-based 2FA, which often delivers a code that can be seen on lock screens or other SMS-enabled devices. With push-based 2FA, simple security measures like a passcode or biometric identification go a long way, protecting applications with a layer of information only device owners would possess.

However, Adding Extra Functions Like Networking, Security And Encryption Makes Live Devices’ Syste

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In this paper, we have proposed parameterized security technique based on remote reference passing (RRP). RRP intrinsically works on the principle of transmitting the information or data in the form of reference at receiver side. RRP is most suitable technique to address security needs of video services while accessed/played through constrained devices because of its low power design and negligible delay during decryption process, one of stringent requirement of video transmission. Proposed technique has potential to offer varying level of perceptual encryption which makes it suitable to support different multimedia service with different security needs. This technique offer confidentiality and authentication for secure communication and further, same is also suitable for entertainment video services to facilitate pay TV, video on demand or pay per view. This technique encrypts the raw video in RGB 24 bit color space which makes its integration possible with different video codec.

Recent advances in multimedia compression and communication technologies and abundant availability of low cost limited capabilities display devices have led to a phenomenal growth of digital multimedia services and applications like video chat, video conferencing, video broadcasting, video on demand, online movie transmission, virtual education, medical imaging systems and video transmission on mobiles using 3 G services. Multimedia services can be broadly classified into entertainment service and communication services as per the security needs. Both categories have different set of security requirements. Therefore there is strong need to design and develop new techniques and technologies not only to protect valuable multimedia assets from unauthorized access but to address new challenges like limited computing capabilities of display devices and different security needs of multimedia services.

Current software implementations of cryptographic techniques are slower and hardware implementation restricts the flexibility in selection of algorithm as per security needs of applications. We have proposed a method which incorporates flexibility of software implementation and faster execution of hardware implementation. Proposed security technique offer varying level of perceptual encryption which makes it strong contender to offer different security needs of different multimedia services i.e. controlled access for entertainment applications and confidentiality and privacy for sensitive communication services. Proposed architecture is highly suitable for video streaming applications and offers reasonably good security in real time (on the fly). This approach demonstrates very low processing overhead on video sinks therefore make it suitable for the display devices with limited computational capability; further, its codec independent design makes its integration possible with any video codec. There is scope to improve encryption time significantly by adding reference table to video source rather than calculating reference for each video byte.

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